Fecal analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests can be used to diagnose opisthorchiasis. The process of infection is difficult to disrupt because eating practices have proven extremely difficult to change, and the life cycle of the fluke cannot be broken due to high prevalence in canine and feline reservoir hosts. There may be associated glomerulonephritis. Eating raw, fermented, or undercooked cyprinid fish, infected with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (sl), results in chronic biliary inflammation, periductal fibrosis, and increased cancer risk. The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Southeast Asia is much higher than other areas of the world. The cost benefit of endoscopic stenting over standard surgical bypass in the management of patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma, when considered along with its minimally invasive approach, makes this the procedure of choice for palliative therapy. Endoscopic therapy for this entity costs significantly less than surgical treatment. The median total lifetime cost for surgical therapy was $60,986 vs $24,251 for endoscopic therapy.Įndoscopic therapy is an effective palliative therapy for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Mean survival for the endoscopic group was 19 months vs 16.5 months for the surgical group. The surgical approach was frequently for cure therefore, surgical patients were by and large at an earlier stage of their disease than those in the endoscopic group. The groups were similar in age and gender ratio. Costs included those for cost of repeat endoscopy in the endoscopic group and for the management of recurrent obstructive jaundice in the surgical group. Ten matched control patients were compared from each group. Outcomes and hospital charges were recorded. This retrospective study identified patients with biopsy-proven cholangiocarcinoma treated this decade with either endoscopic biliary stenting or surgical biliary-enteric bypass with or without resection. The purpose of this study was to compare total costs in these two groups, including all treatment and retreatments. Total lifetime costs of endoscopic vs surgical treatment for obstructive jaundice due to cholangiocarcinoma are difficult to assess.
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